Glossary - C
Cabotage
C.A.D.
C.A.F.
Call
Capacity
Capacity Control
Car Braces
Cargo
Cargo Accounts Settlement System
Cargo Aircraft
Cargo Assembly
Cargo Disassembly
Cargo Handling
Cargo I.M.P.
Cargo Interchange Message Procedures
Cargo Restriction Code
Cargo Tracer
Carriage
Carriage and Insurance Paid To (...named place of destination)
Carriage Paid To (...named place of destination)
Carrier
Carrier Haulage
Carriers' Bill of Lading Ports
Carriers' Lien
Carrying Temperature
Cartage
Cash Against Documents
Cash on Delivery
C.A.S.S.
C.A.S.S. Airline
CEDEX
Ceiling Air Duct
Cell
Cell Position
Cellular Vessel
C.E.N.S.A.
Centre of Gravity
Certificate
Certificate of Analysis
Certificate of Classification
Certificate of Delivery
Certificate of Free Sale
Certificate of Origin
Certificate of Redelivery
C.F.R.
C.F.S.
Chain Conveyor
Chain Module
Charge
Charter Contract
Charter Party
Charterer
Chassis
C.I.F.
C.I.M.
C.I.P.
City Terminal Service
Class Rate
Classification
Classification Society
Clean Bill of Lading
Clean on Board
Clearance Terminal
Cleared Without Examination
Client
Clip On Unit
Closed Ventilated Container
C.M.R.
C.N.C.
C.O.D.
Cofferdam
Collapsible Container
Coloading
Co-makership
Combi
Combination
Combination Charge
Combination Chassis
Combination Joint Rate
Combination of Rate
Combined Transport Bill of Lading
Combined Transport Document
Combined Transport Operator
Commercial Aviation
Commercial Invoice
Commodity
Commodity Box Rate
Commodity Code
Commodity Item Number
Common Access Reference
Common Law Lien
Compagneurs Nationales des Conainers
Compartment
Competent Authority
Compradore
Conair Container
Conditions
Conditions of Carriage
Conditions of Contract
Cones
Congestion
Connection Carrier
Connecting Roas Haulage
Consignee
Consignment
Consignment Instructions
Consignment Note
Consignor
Consolidate
Consolidated Container
Consolidation
Consolidation Point
Consolidator
Consortium
Constructed Rate
Construction Rate
Consular Invoice
Container
Container Bolster
Container Characteristics
Container Chassis
Container Check Digit
Container Depot
Container Freight Station
Container Lease
Container Logistics
Container Moves
Container Number
Container Owner
Container Platform
Container Pool
Container Prefix
Container Safety Convention
Container Serial Number
Container Service Charges
Container Size Code
Container Size/Type
Container Stack
Container Sublease
Container Terminal
Container Type Code
Container Type Codes
Container Types
Container Yard
Containerised
Contamination
Contraband
Contract
Contract Logistics
Contract of Affreightment
Controlled Floating Load
Convention Internationale Concernant le Transport des Marchandises par Chemin de Fer
Convention Relative au Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route
Conventional Cargo
Conversion Table
Convertor Dolly
Convex Head
Conveyance
Conveyor
Cooperage
Coopering
Core
Corner
Corner Boards
Corner Fittings
Corner Post
Corner Protection
Correction
Corrosion
Corrugated Fibreboard - double wall
Corrugated Fibreboard - single faced
Corrugated Fibreboard - single wall (also called double faced)
Corrugated Fibreboard - tri-wall
Corrugated Linerboard
Corrugated Medium
Corrugated Steel Ends
Corrugated Wrapping
Co-shippership
Cost and Freight (...named port of destination)
Cost, Insurance and Freight (...named port of destination)
C.O.U.
Council of European and Japanese National Shipowner's Associations
Country of Departure
Country of Dispatch
Country of Origin
Country of Provenance
Cover
C.P.T.
Crane
Crate - Wood
Creased
Creep
Crew Member
Crimp
Crimp-type joint
Crimp-type seal joint
Critical Moisture Content
Critical Path Method
Cross Brace
Cross Direction, Paper
Cross Tie Brace
Cross Trandes
Crossmembers
Crosspieces
Crosswise
Crosswise load
Crosswise offset
Crosswise Void
Crushed
Crushed Core
C.S.C.
C.T.D.
C.T.O.
Cubic Capacity
Cubic Foot
Currency
Currency Adjustment Factor
Cushion
Cushion Underframe
Cushioning
Customer
Customer Pick Up
Customs
Customs Broker
Customs Clearance Agent
Customs Invoice
C.W.E.
C.Y.
Cybernetics
Cabotage
1) Transport of goods between two ports or places located in the same country.
2) Transport of cargo in a country other than the country where the vehicle is registered (roadcargo).
3) The carrier of a container from a surplus area to an area specified by the owner of that container, in exchange of which and during which the carrier has free use of the container.
C.A.D.
C.A.F.
See Currency Adjustment Factor.
Call
The visit of a vessel to a port.
Capacity
1) The ability to contain, absorb or receive and hold.
2) Maximum output or producint ability of an organizational unit or of personnel, under normal circumstances.
Capacity Control
Process of registering and steering of capacity.
Car Braces
Side braces and end braces are steel diagonal members of car superstructure and to which inside car lining or sheathing is attached.
Cargo
1) Goods transported or to be transported.
2) Goods carried or to be carried in an aircraft, other than mail or other property carried under the terms of an international postal convention or baggage (inclusive personal effects accompanying a passenger) or the property of the carrier: provided that unaccompanied baggage moving under Air Way Bill is cargo. Also referred to as goods (aircargo).
Cargo Accounts Settlement System
Abbreviation: C.A.S.S.
A system of accounting and setting accounts between C.A.S.S. airlines, Billing Participants and Part Participants, on the one hand and their appointed I.A.T.A. cargo agents on the other hand (aircargo).
Cargo Aircraft
Any aircraft other than a passenger aircraft or a combi.
Cargo Assembly
The separate reception of parcels or packages and the holding of them for later despatch as one consignment (aircargo).
Cargo Disassembly
The separation of one or more of the component parts of a consignment (from other parts of such consignment) for any purpose other than that of presenting such part or parts to customs authorities at the specific request of such authorities (aircargo).
Cargo Handling
All procedures necessary to enable the physical handling of goods.
Cargo I.M.P.
See Cargo Interchange Message Procedures.
Cargo Interchange Message Procedures
Abbreviation: Cargo I.M.P.
Procedures developed by the member airlines of the Air Transport Association of America (A.T.A.) and the International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A.).
Cargo Restriction Code
A code indicating that the use of a certain container is restricted to particular cargo.
Cargo Tracer
A document, sent by the agent to all relevant parties, stating that certain cargo is either missing or overlanded.
Carriage
The process of transporting (conveying) cargo, from one point to another. Synonym: transport.
Carriage and Insurance Paid To (...named place of destination)
Abbreviation: C.I.P.
See Carriage Paid To, with the addition that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.
Carriage Paid To (...named place of destination)
Abbreviation: C.P.T.
The seller is responsible for payment of the freight for the carriage of the goods to the destination named in the contract. However, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as of any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the first carrier.
Carrier
The party undertaking transport of goods from one point to another.
Carrier Haulage
The inland transport service which is offered by the carrier under the terms and conditions of the tariff and of the relevant transport document.
Carriers' Bill of Lading Ports
Terminal, Pre-terminal port or Post-terminal port as per tariff, indicated on the Bill of Lading and which is not the port physically called at by Carriers' ocean vessels.
Carriers' Lien
When the shipper ships goods "collect", the carrier has a possessory claim on these goods, which means that the carrier can retain possession of the goods as security for the charges due.
Carrying Temperature
Required cargo temperature during transport and storage.
Cartage
See Haulage.
Cash Against Documents
Abbreviation: C.A.D.
Terms of payment: if the buyer of goods pays for the goods against transfer of the documents, entitling him to obtain delivery of the goods from the carrier.
Cash on Delivery
Abbreviation: C.O.D.
Terms of payment: if the carrier collects a payment from the consignee and remits the amount to the shipper (aircargo).
C.A.S.S.
See Cargo Accounts Settlement System.
C.A.S.S. Airline
An airline, fully participating in the C.A.S.S.
CEDEX
Container equipment date exchange
Scope: This part of ISO 9897 specifies general communication codes for container equipment data exchange (CEDEX). It is intended for business entities for use in communications relating to freight container transactions.
In this part of ISO 9897, codes are assigned to pieces of information (called data-elements) which are commonly used in such transactions. These data elements are named and defined and a five-digit numerical code is assigned to each, along with a DECEX alphabetical code.
The data element may be a phrase about the material of construction of a container. For example, numerical code 05350 means "Material is vertically laminated softwood plant". It may describe an actual operating defect. For example, numerical code 04290 means "Motor will not function". There are many other coded data elements that describe vaerious physical characteristics of containers and other essential pieces of information about their movement and management. I can be seen from these examples that the text of a message can be substantially reduced in length by using the numerical code instead of plain words. It is even possible to reduce the length further by using letters instead of digits. That is what CEDEX does. It permits the five-digit nermical code to be transmitted by alpha codes of one, two or three characters, thus reducing the overall length of messaged and saving time and cost.
In the first example (05350), the CEDEX code is LS and in the second one (04290) it is MF. Through proper programming of a computer, a CEDEX encoded message can be printed out in plain language for the benefit of the communicators, if so desired, or it can be left in its encoded form. The personnel using the code routinely will develop the skill of being able to read messages in the coded form. Also, many operators will not require use of all the CEDEX codes assigned in this part of ISO 9897, but only a portion of them due to the limited variety of containers and chassis in their domain.
Ceiling Air Duct
A passage or passages in a (thermal) container located in proximity to the ceiling to direct air flow.
Cell
Location on board of a container vessel where one container can be stowed.
Cell Position
A code indicating the position, by means of successively the bay, the row and the tier, of a container on a vessel.
Cellular Vessel
A vessel, specially designed and equipped for the carriage of containers.
C.E.N.S.A.
See Council of European and Japanese National Shipowner's Associations.
Centre of Gravity
Point at which the entire weight of a body may be considered as concentrated so that if supported at this point the body would remain in equilibrium in any position.
Certificate
A document by which a fact is formally or officially attested and in which special requirements and conditions can be stated.
Certificate of Analysis
A document, often required by an importer or governmental authorities, attesting to the quality or purity of commodities. The origin of the certification may be chemist or any other authorised body such as an inspection firm retained by the exporter or importer. In some cases the document may be drawn up by the manufacturer certifying that the merchandise shipped has been tested in his facility and found conform to the specifications.
Certificate of Classification
A certificate, issued by the classification society under which supervision (new) building has been carried out and stating the class under which a vessel is registered.
Certificate of Delivery
A certificate, indicating the condition of a vessel upon delivery for a charter including ballast, available bunkers and fresh water.
Certificate of Free Sale
A certificate, required by some countries as evidence that the goods are normally sold on the open market and approved by the regulatory authorities in the country of origin.
Certificate of Origin
A certificate, showing the country of original production of goods. Frequently used by customs in ascertaining duties under preferential tariff programmes or in connection with regulating imports from specific sources.
Certificate of Redelivery
A certificate, indicating the condition of a vessel upon redelivery from a charter including ballast, available bunkers and fresh water.
C.F.R.
See Cost and Freight (...named port of destination).
C.F.S.
See Container Freight Station.
Chain Conveyor
A conveyor consisting of two or more strands of chain running in parallel tracks with the loads carried directly on the chains.
Chain Module
A software application that based on prearranged agreements both with customers and the parties in the transport chain initiates and controls the flow of goods using electronic data interchange messages. Note: The Chain Module is a tool to support the Nedlloyd Flowmasterssm concept.
Charge
An amount to be paid for carriage, or an amount to be paid for a special or incidental service in connection with the carriage of goods.
Charter Contract
See Charter Party.
Charter Party
1) A contract in which the shipowner agrees to place his vessel or a part of it at the disposal of a merchant or shipper, the charterer, for the carriage of goods from one port or ports to another port or ports for which he receives a freight per ton cargo, or to let his vessel for a definite period or trip for which a hire is paid.
2) For aircargo: synonym: Charter Contract.
Charterer
The person who has signed a charter party with the owner of a vessel or an aircraft or a part of the capacity thereof.
Chassis
1) A wheeled carriage onto which an ocean container is mounted for inland conveyance.
2) The part of a motor vehicle that includes the engine, the frame, suspension system, wheels, steering mechanism, etc. but not the body.
C.I.F.
See Cost, Insurance and Freight (...named port of destination).
C.I.M.
See Convention Relative au Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route.
C.I.P.
See Carriage and Insurance Paid To (...named place of destination).
City Terminal Service
The transport between the relevant city handling station and the airport of departure or destination (aircargo).
Class Rate
A rate applicable to a specifically designated class of goods (aircargo).
Classification
Arrangement according to a systematic division of a number of objects into groups, based on some likenesses or some common traits.
Classification Society
An organization, whose main function is to carry out surveys of vessels, its purpose being to set and maintain standards of construction and upkeep for vessels, their engines and their safety equipment. A classification society also inspects and approves the construction of shipping containers.
Clean Bill of Lading
A bill of lading which does not contain any qualification about the apparent order and condition of the goods to be transported (Hague Rules). It bears no superimposed clauses expressly declaring a defective condition of the goods or packaging (Resolution of the I.C.S. 1951.).
Clean on Board
When goods are loaded on board and the document issued in respect to these goods is clean.
Clearance Terminal
Terminal where Customs facilities for the clearance of goods are available.
Cleared Without Examination
Abbreviation: C.W.E.
Cleared by customs without inspection.
Client
A party with which a company has a commercial relationship concerning the transport of e.g. cargo or concerning certain services of the company concerned, either directly or through an agent. Synonym: Customer.
Clip On Unit
Abbreviation: C.O.U.
Detachable aggregate for a temperature controlled container (Conair).
Closed Ventilated Container
A container of a closed type, similar to a general purpose container, but specially designed for carriage of cargo where ventilation, either natural or mechanical (forced), is necessary.
C.M.R.
See Convention Relative au Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route.
C.N.C.
See Compagneurs Nationales des Conainers.
C.O.D.
See Cash on Delivery.
Cofferdam
An empty space on board of a vessel between two bulkheads or two decks separating oiltanks from each other and/or the engine room or other compartments.
Collapsible Container
Container which can be easily folded, disassembled and reassembled.
Coloading
The loading, on the way, of cargo from another shipper, having the same final destination as the cargo loaded earlier.
Co-makership
The long-term relationship between e.g. a supplier of a carrier and a customer, on the basis of mutual confidence. Synonym: Co-shippership.
Combi
An aircraft, carrying passengers and cargo upperdeck (aircargo).
Combination
The extablishment of a rate or charge by addition of sectional rates or charges (aircargo).
Combination Charge
An amount which is obtained by combining two or more charges.
Combination Chassis
A chassis which can carry either one forty foot or thirty foot container or a combination of shorter containers e.g. 2 x 20 foot.
Combination Joint Rate
A joint rate which is obtained by combining two or more rates (aircargo).
Combination of Rate
An amount which is obtained by combining two or more rates (aircargo).
Combined Transport Bill of Lading
See: Bill of Lading R.302.
Combined Transport Document
Abbreviation: C.T.D:
Negotiable or non-negotiable document evidencing a contract for the performance and/or procurement of performance of combined transport of goods. Synonym: Multy transport document.
Combined Transport Operator
Abbreviation: C.T.O.
A party who undertakes to carry goods with different modes of transport.
Commercial Aviation
Transport of persons or cargo via air routes operated as a business enterprise (aircargo).
Commercial Invoice
A document showing commercial values of the transaction between the buyer and seller.
Commodity
Indication of the type of goods.
Commodity Box Rate
A rate classified by commodity and quoted per container.
Commodity Code
Code used in the Harmonised System for the classification of goods which are most commonly produced and traded.
Commodity Item Number
Specific description number required in air transport to indicate that a specific freight rate applies.
Common Access Reference
A key to relate all subsequent transfers of data to the same business case or file.
Common Law Lien
A claim based on common law. Also a clame which arises from implications of the law rather than one which is created by agreement of the parties.
Compagneurs Nationales des Containers
Abbreviation: C.N.C.
Affiliate of the French National Railways for Container traffic.
Compartment
Any fluid-tight section of the tank formed by the shell, ends or bulk-heads. It should be noted that beffles, surge plates or other perforated plates do not form tank compartments within the meaning of this definition.
Competent Authority
The authority of authorities designated as such in each country and in each specific case by the convernments concerned.
Compradore
A local advisor or agent employed by a foreign party or company who acts as an intermediary in transactions with local inhabitants.
Conair Container
Thermal container served by an external cooling system (e.g. a vessel s cooling system of a Clip On Unit), which controls the temperature of the cargo. Note: Conair is a brand name.
Conditions
1) Anything called for as requirements before the performance or completion of something else.
2) Contractual stipulations which or printed on a document or provided separately.
Conditions of Carriage
The general terms and conditions established by a carrier in respect of the carriage (aircargo).
Conditions of Contract
Terms and conditions shown on the Air Waybill (aircargo).
Cones
Devices for facilitating the positioning and lashing of containers. The cones insert to the bottom castings of the container. Synonym: Locating pin.
Congestion
Accumulation of vessels at a port to the extent that vessels arriving to load or discharge are obligated to wait for a vacant berth.
Connection Carrier
A carrier to whose services the cargo is to be transferred for onward connecting transport (aircargo).
Connecting Roas Haulage
See Drayage.
Consignee
The party such as mentioned in the transport document by whom the goods, cargo or container are to be received and mentioned as such in the transport document.
Consignment
An amount of goods transported from one consignor to one consignee via one or more than one modes of transport and with one (or more than one) pick up point(s) and one (or more than one) delivery point(s), under one certain agreement. Synonym: Shipment (second definition).
Consignment Instructions
Instructions from either the seller/consignor or the buyer/consignee to a freight forwarder, carrier or his agent or other provider of a service enabling the movement of goods and associated activities. The following functions can be covered:
- Movement and handling of goods (shipping, forwarding and stowage)
- Customs formalities
- Distribution of documents
- Allocation of documents (freight and charges for the connected operations)
- Special instructions ( insurance, dangerous goods, goods release, additional documents required)
Consignment Note
A document prepared by the shipper and comprising a transport contract. It contains details of the consignment to be carried to the port of loading and it is signed by the inland carrier as proof or receipt.
Consignor
See Shipper.
Consolidate
To group and stuff several shipments together in one container.
Consolidated Container
Container loaded with various shipments for delivery to different consignees.
Consolidation
The grouping together of smaller consignments of goods into a large consignment for carriage as a larger unit in order to obtain a reduced rate.
Consolidation Point
Location where consolidation of consignments takes place.
Consolidator
A firm or company which consolidates cargo.
Consortium
Consortium is a form of cooperation between two or more carriers to operate in a particular trade.
Constructed Rate
A rate other than a specified rate (aircargo).
Construction Rate
A non-saleable add-on amount for tariff publication purposes to be used only in combination with other rates for carriage from, to or through a specified point (aircargo).
Consular Invoice
An invoice covering shipment of goods certified by a consular official of the destination country and used normally by customs or officials concerned with foreign exchange availability to ascertain the correctness of commercial invoice values.
Container
An item of equipment as defined by the International Organisation of Standardisation (ISO) for transport purposes. It must be of:
a) a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use.
b) specially designed to facilitate the carriage of goods, by one or more modes of transport without intermediate reloading.
c) fitted with devices permitting its ready handling, particularly from one mode of transport to another.
d) so designed as to be easy to fill and empty.
e) having an internal volume of 1 m2 or more. The term container includes neither vehicles nor conventional packing.
Container Bolster
A container floor without sides or end walls which does not have the ISO corner fittings and is generally used for Ro/Ro operations. Synonym: Boster. Note: A bolster cannot be handled either full or empty by a container spreader without special gear.
Container Characteristics
Designations
Series
Three series of containers have been studied by ISO. Each series of containers was intended to cover containers having dimensional relationships one wih another but not with containers of other series.
Series 1 containers are intended for intercontinental use.
Series 2 containers are inteded for internal continental systems but owing to steadily declining use, this series is no longer covered by International Standards.
Series 3 containers were intended essentially for internal continental systems and will in future be covered by an ISO Technical Report.
Container size codes.
Size codes are given in ISO 6346.
The size code consists of two arabic numerals. For containers having a nominal length equal to or greater than 3000 mm (10 ft), the first numeral denotes length and the second numeral denotes height and the presence or absence of a gooseneck tunnel.
Definitions related to dimensions and capacities.
External dimensions
Nominal dimensions: Those dimensions, neglecting tolerances, and rounded to the nearest convenient figure, by which a container may be identified. They are given in ISO 668 and are commonly quoted in imperial units.
Actual dimensions: Maximum overall external dimensions (including positive tolerances where these are applicable) for length, width and height measured along the exterior edges of the container. Note: Diagonal tolerances, applicable to any of the six "faces" of a container are expressed in terms of the allowable difference between the lengths of the diagonals (measured between the centres of the corner fitting apertures) of the face in question. These diagonal tolerances are allowable even when the edge dimensions for the surface in question are at their maximum values.
Internal dimensions: These are the dimensions of the largest unobstructed rectangular parallelpiped which could be inscribed in the container if inward protrusions of the top corner fittings are neglected. Except where otherwise stated, the term "internal dimensions" is synonymous with the term "unobstructed internal dimensions". Some requirements governing internal diemnsions are given in ISO 1894 and in ISO 1496/1 and ISO 1496/2.
Door opening: this term is usually reserved for the definition of the size of the (end) door aperture, i.e. the width and height dimensions of the largest unobstructed parallelepided which could possibly be entered into the container via the door aperture in question. Minimum door openings are prescribed in ISO 1496/1 for some general purpose containers.
Internal volume: Volume determinde by multiplying the internal dimensions, i.e. the product of internal length, width and height. Except when otherwise stated, the term "internal volume" is synonymous with the terms "unobstructed internal volume", "capacity" or unobstructed capacity".
Container Chassis
A vehicle specially built for the purpose of transporting a container so that, when container and chassis are assembled, the produced unit serves as a road trailer.
Container Check Digit
The 7th digit of the serial number of a container used to check whether prefix and serial number are correctly transmitted.
Container Depot
Storage area for empty containers.
Container Freight Station
Abbreviation: C.F.S.
A depot at which (export) L.C.L. cargo is received from merchants for stuffing into containers or at which (import) L.C.L. cargo is stripped from containers and delivered to merchants.
Container Lease
The contract by which the owner of containers (lessor) gives the use of containers to a lessee for a specified period of time and for fixed payments.
Container Logistics
The controlling and positioning of containers and/or other equipment.
Container Moves
The number of actions performed by one container crane during a certain period.
Container Number
Identification number of a container consisting of prefix and serial number and check digit. E.g. KNLU 1234567.
Container Owner
A party who has a container at his disposal and who is entitled to lease or sell the container.
Container Platform
A container floor without sides or end walls which can be loaded by spreader directly and is generally used for Lo-Lo operations.
Container Pool
A certain stock of containers which is jointly used by several container carriers and/or leasing companies.
Container Prefix
A four letter code that forms the first part of a container identification number indicating the owner of a container. Synonym: Owner's Code.
Container Safety Convention
Abbreviation: C.S.C.
International convention for safe containers.
Container Serial Number
A seven digit serial number (6 plus 1 Check Digit) that forms the second part of a container identification number.
Container Service Charges
Charges to be paid by shipper as per tariff.
Container Size Code
An indication of 2 digits of the nominal length and nominal height.
Container Size/Type
Description of the size and type of a freight container or similar unit load device as specified in ISO 6346.
Container Stack
Two or more containers, one placed above the other forming a vertical column.
Container Sublease
Contract by which a carrier gives the use of containers to another carrier for a specified period of time and for fixed payments.
Container Terminal
Place of receipt (acceptance) respectively delivery of loaded and/or empty containers which are loaded or discharged into or from a means of transport. Synonym: Container Yard.
Container Type Code
Two digits, the first of which indicated the category and the second of which indicates certain physical characteristics or other attributes.
Container Type Codes
Container type codes are given in ISO 6346.
The type code consist of two arabic numeral, the first of which indicates the category and the second of which indicates certain physical characteristics or other attributes.
Container Types
General
Classification
Container types are grouped, and groups are subdivided according to the following concepts: mode of transport, categories or cargo and the physical characteristics of the containers. Thus:
a) it is assumed that containers are intended for use in any or all of the surface modes of transport, i.e. road, rail and sea, unless otherwise stated. Only in the case of containers primarily intended for transport by air is any specific reference made to the mode of transport when calssifying ISO types of containers.
b) The main classification is made in terms of the type of cargo for which a container is primarily intended.
General cargo containers include those containers which are not specifically or primarilly intended for a particular category of cargo. This group is sub-divided according to type of structure and/or means of access for loading (packing) and emptying.
Specific cargo containers include those for cargoes which are temperature sensitive, for liquids and gases, for dry solids in bulk and for particular categories such as automobiles (cars) or livestock. This group is subdivided according to the appropriate physical attributes of the container such as ability to maintain a particular temperature under stated conditions, test pressures, etc.
Container Yard
Abbreviation: C.Y.
See Container Terminal.
Containerised
Indication that goods have been stowed in a container.
Contamination
Matter which is foreign to or deleterious to the product or substance in which it is contained. Impurity.
Contraband
Goods forbidden by national law to be imported or exported.
Contract
An agreement enforceable by law between two or more parties by which rights are required by one or both parties to acts or forbearances by the other or both in return for a remuneration.
Contract Logistics
The contracting out of all the warehousing, transport and distribution activities or a part thereof by manufacturing companies.
Contract of Affreightment
An agreement whereby the shipowner agrees to carry goods by water, or furnihes a vessel for the purpose of carrying goods by water n return for a sum of money called freight. There are two forms: the charter party and the contract contained in the Bill of Lading.
Controlled Floating Load
A method using retarder plates, anti-skid plates, lag screws or other equivalent retarding devices to hold the unitized lading in position but which permits a restricted lengthwise movement of the floating load.
Convention Internationale Concernant le Transport des Marchandises par Chemin de Fer
Abbreviation: C.I.M.
International agreement, applied by 19 European railway companies, setting out conditions for international railway transport of goods and the liabilities of the carrier.
Convention Relative au Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route
Abbreviation: C.M.R.
Convention for the international carriage of goods by road, setting out the conditions of carriage and the liabilities of the carrier.
Conventional Cargo
See Break Bulk.
Conversion Table
Length
inch x 2,54 = cm x 0.39 = inch
foot (=12") x 0,305 = m x 3,28 = foot (12")
yard (=36") x 0,914 = m x 1.094 = yart (36")
mile (stat) x 1,609 = km x 0,62 = mile (stat.)
mile (nat) x 1,852 = km x 0,54 = mile (nat.)
Area
inch2 x 6,45 = cm2 x 0,155 = inch2
foot2 x 0,093 = m2 x 10,76 = foot2
mile2 x 2,59 = km2 x 0,366 = mile2
acre x 4,047 = dekar x 0,247 = acre
alen2 x 0,394 = m2 x 2,54 = alen2
Volume
inch3(cu.In) x 16,397 = cm3 x 0,061 = inch3(cu.In)
foot3(cu.fl) x 0,028 = m3 x 35,7 = foot3(cu.fl.)
yard3 (cu.yd) x 0,758 = m3 x 1,31 = yard3(cu.yd)
US bushel x 0,03 = m3 x 33 = US bushel
Imp bushel x 0,036 = m3 x 27,5 = Imp.bushel
Volume
US gal/qt/pt x 0,83 = Imp.gal/qt/pt x 1,2 = US gal/qt/pt
US pint (pt) x 0,47 = liter x 2,1 = US pint (pt)
US quart (qt) x 0,95 = liter x 1,05 = US quart (qt)
US gallon (gal) x 3,785 = liter x 0,2642 = US gallon (gal)
Weight
ounce (oz) x 28,35 = g x 0,035 = ounce (oz)
karat (c) x 0,2 = g x 5,0 = karat (c)
pund (ib) x 0,4536 = kg x 2,2 = pund (ib)
Speed
knop (knots) x 1,852 = km/h x 0,54 = knop (knots)
knop (knots) x 0,515 = m/sek x 1,94 = knop (knots)
m/sek x 3,5 = km/h x 0,278 = m/sek
Pressure
kg/cm2 x 14,22 = psl x 0,07 = kg/cm2
millibar (mb) x 0,75 = mm Hg x 1,333 = millibar (mb)
millibar (mb) x 0,0295 = inches Hg x 33,864 = millibar (mb)
Convertor Dolly
An auxiliary undercarriage assembly consisting of a chassis, fifth wheel and towbar used to convert a semitrailer or a container chassis to a full trailer.
Convex Head
Container top and/or bottom head, dished outwardly to give increased strength, rigidity and capacity.
Conveyance
Transport of goods from one place to another.
Conveyor
A mechanical device in the form of a continuous belt for transporting cargo.
Cooperage
Containers made of staves and bound together with hoops, such as barrels and kegs.
Coopering
Any preparations of a rail vehicle prior to loading.
Core
This can be square, oval, as well as cylindrical. It may be the body part of a reel or it can be just a tube, without heads, used in a variaty of lengths and diameters for winding many different materials as fibers, yarns, fabrics, film, foil, paper, etc.
Corner
The point formed by the convergence of two edges or three sides.
Corner Boards
Wood, fibreboard, or plastics placed against edge of face of load to distribute the pressure of bracing and prevent cutting of lading or packaging.
Corner Fittings
Fittings located at the corners of containters providing means of supporting, stacking, handling and securing the container.
Corner Post
Vertical structural member at either side of an "end frame" of a container joining a top and a bottom corner fitting (and thereby forming a "corner structure").
Corner Protection
Material assembled to form an "L" and placed against edge of face of load to distribute the pressure of steel or plastic straps and prevent cutting of lading or packaging.
Correction
A substitution for what has been wrong in a prior data interchange between computers in accordance with interchange agreements.
Corrosion
Deterioration of a material by chemical action.
Corrugated Fibreboard - double wall
Double-wall containerboard consisting of three facings and two corrugated mediums.
Corrugated Fibreboard - single faced
Consists of one corrugated medium glued to one facing, permitting free bending in one direction. Used for cushioning.
Corrugated Fibreboard - single wall (also called double faced)
Container-board consisting of a corrugated inner medium glued between two facings. Used in making corrugated fibreboard containers and products.
Corrugated Fibreboard - tri-wall
Three wall containerboard consisting of four facings and three corrugated mediums.
Corrugated Linerboard
Paperboard, frequently called liner, used on either or both sides of corrugated board. Can be or Fourdrinier or cylinder kraft, or jute, in basis weight of 26 to 90 pounds per one thousand square feet. Linerboard provides strength, workability and a printable surface to corrugated board.
Corrugated Medium
A term applied to the paperboard used for the fluted or corrugated component of corrugated fibreboard containerboard.
Corrugated Steel Ends
Outside surface of end wall of rail vehicles constructed of corrugated sheet steel, the corrugations being horizontal.
Corrugated Wrapping
Corrugated board, either unlined or singleface.
Co-shippership
See Co-makership.
Cost and Freight (...named port of destination)
Abbreviation: C.F.R.
The seller is responsible for payment of costs and freight necessary for the carriage of the goods to the port of destination named in the contract. However, the risk of loss of or damage, as well as of any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered on board of a vessel, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship s rail in the port of shipment.
Cost, Insurance and Freight (...named port of destination)
Abbreviation: C.I.F.
See Cost and Freight (...named port of destination) with the addition that the seller has to procure marine insurance against the buyer s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.
C.O.U.
See Clip On Unit.
Council of European and Japanese National Shipowner's Associations
Abbreviation: C.E.N.S.A.
The main objectives of this organisation are to promote and protect sound shipping policies in all sectors or shipping, to coordinate and present the views of its members and to exchange views with other shipowner groups.
Country of Departure
Country from which a certain means of transport is scheduled to depart or has departed.
Country of Dispatch
Country from which the goods are shipped.
Country of Origin
Country in which the goods have been produced or manufactured, according to criteria laid down for the purpose of application of the customs tariff, of quantitative restrictions, or of any other measure related to trade.
Country of Provenance
The country from which goods or cargo are sent to the importing country.
Cover
The top, end or lid of a container usually the part which closes the filling or dispensing opening.
Flexible, removable sheets (suc as sheets of canvas, plastic or plastic coated cloth) usually intended to provide weatherproof closure to an open top, side and/or end of a container.
C.P.T.
See Carriage Paid To (...named place of destination).
Crane
A machine designed for moving and lifting weight by means of a movable projecting arm or a horizontal beam which is able to travel over a certain distance.
Crate - Wood
A rigid shipping container of framed construction joined together with nails, bolts or any equivalent method of fastening. The framework may or may not be enclosed with sheathing. It may be demountable (reusable) or non-demountable.
Creased
A term referring to a fibre box which has a linear deformation in one or more of its panels but which retains its original shape.
Creep
The deminsional change with time of a material under load, following the initial instantaneous elastic or rapid deformation. Creep at room temperature is sometimes called cold flow.
Crew Member
A person assigned by a carrier to serve on board of a vessel or aircraft and listed as such.
Crimp
To fild in, squeeze or tighten be a series of corrugations so as to hold one part against another.
Crimp-type joint
A method of joining two ends of steel strapping by applying pressure resulting in indentures in the strapping.
Crimp-type seal joint
A method of joining two ends of steel strapping by applying pressure to a seal resulting in indentations in both the seal and the strapping.
Critical Moisture Content
The moisture content of a substance at which physical or chemical deterioration occurs to a degree sufficient to render the substance unusable, unsalable, or unpalatable.
Critical Path Method
A network planning system used for planning and controling the activities in a project. By showing each of these activities and their associated times, the "critical path" can be determined. The critical path is the series of successive activities which takes up most time and is therefore decisive for the total lead time of the project.
Cross Brace
A sigle wood member applied crosswise of car against lading to secure it against lenthwise movement.
Cross Direction, Paper
The direction at right angles to that taken by the majority of fibres in paper of board. The direction at right angles to the direction taken by the web through the paper of board machine.
Cross Tie Brace
Wire or steel strapping used to tie paper grain doors on opposite sides of a car together to prevent bowing of the grain doors due to lading contact.
Cross Trandes
Term used in shipping for the services of a vessel between nations other than the nation in which the vessel is registrered.
Crossmembers
Aluminum or a combnation of wood and steel bars equipped with locking mechanisms, placed crosswise of vehicle to prevent lengthwise movement of items loaded into vehicle. Normally used with a buffer material.
Crosspieces
The horizontal pieces of wood in a center gate, end gate or other space filler extending across the width of the rail vehicle. They may be placed against the load or may hold in position the uprights that are against the load.
Crosswise
The arrangement of containers in the car with the ends of the containers facing the sides of the car.
Crosswise load
A load in which the containers are arranged crosswise of the car.
Crosswise offset
The arrangement of shipping containers in stacks so that each container except those in the first layer is offset and rests equally on two containers beneath. Shipping containers are also loaded offset, crosswise by layers. The loading of one layer begins against or close to one side wall and the layer directly above is loaded in a similar fashion but the loading begins at the opposite side wall.
Crosswise Void
The difference between the inside width of the rail vehicle and the width of the rail vehicle and the width of the load.
Crushed
A term referring to a shipping container which is compressed.
Crushed Core
This damage occurs when the core within a roll of paper has deformed.
C.S.C.
See Container Safety Convention.
C.T.D.
See Combined Transport Document.
C.T.O.
See Combined Transport Operator.
Cubic Capacity
A) The total volume of space within a shipping container. The volume of material that may be held in a container, in terms of its internal dimensions.
B) The available loading space of the car. It shall be calculated in cubic feet based on the inside diemnsions shown on the design drawings. For box, refrigerator and stock cars, the cubic capacity should be based on the length between end walls and an inside height equal to the distance from top of floor or floor racks to the lowest point of carline, roof, side plate or other structure, whichever is lower. The inside width should be at the narrowest points between belt rails, etc., and on cars with side fillers the distance between fillers, with fillers collapsed against side walls. For open top hopper cars and gondola cars, the cubic capacity shall be calculated as that volume below top of sides. For cover hopper cars, the cubic capacity shall be calculated as that volume below the lowest portion of the hatch frames.
Cubic Foot
Volume measurement using the foot as the unit. One cubic foot equals 1,728 cubuc inches (12" x 12" x 12"), equals 7,481 U.S. Gallons.
Currency
The monetary unit, involved in a transaction and represented by a name or a symbol.
Currency Adjustment Factor
Abbreviation: C.A.F.
Adjustment applied by shipping lines or liner conferences on freight rates to offset losses or gains for carriers resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates of tariff currencies.
Cushion
A pad packed with resilient, soft material.
Cushion Underframe
Frame work of a rail car which carries the weight of the floor and body of the vehicle and which is designed to permit the control of slack and of energy absorption capacity, each to meet the most desirable operating conditions so as to prevent the shocks and impact stresses from damaging the car structures or its lading. The principle involved is the application of a center sill member which is detached and permitted to travel longitudinally in either direction through the bolsters, crossbearers and end sills, this travel being resiliently or hydraulically resisted and controlled by high capacity cushion gears located within the center sill.
Cushioning
The protection from physical damage afforded to an item by placing about its outer surfaces materials that have been designed to protect.
Customer
See Client.
Customer Pick Up
Cargo picked up by a customer at a warehouse.
Customs
The department of the Civil Service that deals with the levying of duties and taxes on imported goods from foreign countries and the control over the export and import of goods e.g. allowed quota, prohibited goods.
Customs Broker
An agent specialized in inbound customs clearance.
Customs Clearance Agent
Customs broker or other agent of the consignee designated to perform customs clearance services for the consignee (aircargo).
Customs Invoice
Document required by the customs in an inporting country in which an exporter states the invoice or other price (e.g. selling price, price of identical goods), and specifies costs for freight, insurance and packing etc., terms of delivery and payment, for the purpose of determining the customs value in the importing country of goods consigned to that country.
C.W.E.
See Cleared Without Examination.
C.Y.
See Container Yard.
Cybernetics
A study of control processes in mechanical, biological, electrical and information systems.